Shanghai Metro

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The Shanghai Metro (Chinese: ????) is a rapid transit system in Shanghai, China, operating urban and suburban rail transit services to 13 of its 16 municipal districts (except Fengxian, Jinshan and Chongming) and to Huaqiao Town, Kunshan, Jiangsu Province. Opening in 1993 with full-scale construction extending back to 1986 (Shanghai Metro) is the third-oldest rapid transit system in China, after the Beijing Subway and the Tianjin Metro. It has seen substantial growth, significantly during the years leading up to the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, and is still expanding quickly, with its most recent expansions having opened in December 2017. It is the largest component of the Shanghai metropolitan rail transit network, together with the Shanghai Maglev Train, the Zhangjiang Tram and the China Railway-operated commuter rail services to Jinshan . The metro system is also integrated with other forms of public transport in Shanghai.

Currently, the Shanghai Metro system is the world's largest rapid transit system by route length totaling 637 kilometres (396 mi). It is the second largest by number of stations with 387 stations on 15 lines. It also ranks second in the world by annual ridership with 3.4 billion rides delivered in 2016. The daily ridership record was set at 12.231 million on March 9, 2018. Over 10 million people use the system on an average workday.

On 16 October 2013, with the extension of Line 11 into Kunshan in Jiangsu province, Shanghai Metro became the first rapid transit system in China to provide cross-provincial service and the second intercity metro after the Guangfo Metro. Further plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the metro systems of Suzhou are under active review, with the first line connecting Shanghai Metro Line 11 and Suzhou Metro Line 3 projected to be completed in 2023. Ambitious expansion plans call for 25 lines with over 1,000 km of length by 2025. By then, every location in the central area of Shanghai will be within 600 meters of a subway station.

Video Shanghai Metro

History

• May 28, 1993 - Southern section of Line 1 (Jinjiang Park - Xujiahui) enters operation (4.4 km).
• April 10, 1995 - Line 1 (Jinjiang Park - Shanghai Railway Station; including initial section, which opened 1993) enters operation (16.1 km).
• December 28, 1996 - Southern extension to Line 1 (Xinzhuang - Jinjiang Park) enters operation (4.5 km).
• September 20, 1999 - Line 2 (Zhongshan Park - Longyang Road) enters operation (16.3 km).
• December 26, 2000 - The eastern extension to Line 2 (Longyang Road - Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park) (2.8 km) and Line 3 (Shanghai South Railway Station - Jiangwan Town) (24.6 km) open.
• November 25, 2003 - Line 5 (Xinzhuang - Minhang Development Zone) enters operation (17.2 km).
• December 28, 2004 - Northern extension to Line 1 (Shanghai Railway Station - Gongfu Xincun) enters operation (12.4 km).
• December 31, 2005 - Line 4 enters operation, except the section between Lancun Road and Damuqiao Road that was delayed due to a construction accident.
• December 18, 2006 - Northern extension to Line 3 (Jiangwan Town - North Jiangyang Road) enters operation (15.7 km).
• December 30, 2006 - Western extension to Line 2 (Songhong Road - Zhongshan Park) enters operation (6.15 km).
• December 29, 2007 - Five lines or sections enter operation on the same day:
  • Second northern extension to Line 1 (Gongfu Xincun - Fujin Road) (3.4 km)
  • Delayed section of Line 4 (Lancun Road - Damuqiao Road), completing the loop.
  • Line 6 (Gangcheng Road - South Lingyan Road) (31.1 km)
  • Line 8 (Shiguang Road - Yaohua Road)
  • Line 9 (Songjiang New Town- Guilin Road)
• December 28, 2008 - Line 9 is extended from Guilin Road to Yishan Road, connecting with the rest of the metro network.
• July 5, 2009 - Southern extension to Line 8 (Yaohua Road - Shendu Highway) enters operation (14.4 km).
• December 5, 2009 - Line 7 (Shanghai University - Huamu Road) enters operation (34.4 km).
• December 31, 2009 - The downtown section of Line 9 (Yishan Road - Century Avenue) and the first section of Line 11 (Jiangsu Road - North Jiading) open.
• February 24, 2010 - Short section of eastern extension of Line 2 (Longyang Road - Guanglan Road) enters operation. Zhangjiang Hi-tech Park station is rebuilt underground.
• March 16, 2010 - Second western extension to Line 2 (Xujing East - Songhong Road) enters operation, connecting Hongqiao Airport to the metro system.
• March 29, 2010 - Branch line of Line 11 (Jiading Xincheng- Anting) enters operation.
• April 8, 2010 - Eastern extension to Line 2 (Guanglan Road - Pudong International Airport) enters operation, connecting the two airports.
• April 10, 2010 - Line 10 (New Jiangwan City - Hangzhong Road) enters operation. Shanghai Metro becomes the longest metro system in the world after 15 years of breakneck growth.
• April 20, 2010 - Expo section of Line 13 (Madang Road - Shibo Avenue) enters temporary operation.
• July 1, 2010 - with the opening of Hongqiao Railway Station, its metro station of the same name on Line 2 enters operation.
• November 2, 2010 - With the end of Shanghai Expo, Expo section of Line 13 suspends service, to be reopened when the rest of the line is completed.
• November 30, 2010 - Section of Line 10 (Longxi Road - Hongqiao Railway Station) enters operation, connecting the two terminals of Hongqiao Airport.
• December 28, 2010 - The 10-km long northern extension to Line 7 (Shanghai University - Meilan Lake) enters operation.
• April 12, 2011 - Oriental Sports Center Station Opens
• April 26, 2011 - Line 11 East Changji Road Station opens.
• June 30, 2011 - Panguang Road and Liuhang Stations on Line 7 open.
• September 28, 2012 - China Art Museum Station on Line 8 opens.
• December 30, 2012 - The southern extension of Line 9 (Songjiang South Railway Station - Songjiang Xincheng) opens and the first phase of Line 13 (Jinyun Road - Jinshajiang Road) opens as well.
• June 15, 2013 - South Qilianshan Road Station on Line 13 opens.
• August 31, 2013 - The second phase of Line 11 (Jiangsu Road - Luoshan Road) enters operation.
• October 16, 2013 - The 6-km long branch extension of Line 11 (Anting - Huaqiao) enters operation. Shanghai Metro is extended into Jiangsu province.
• December 29, 2013 - The eastern section of Line 12 (Tiantong Road - Jinhai Road) and Line 16 (Luoshan Road - Dishui Lake) both enter operation.
• May 10, 2014 - Line 12 Extension to Qufu Road Station.
• July 22, 2014 - Qihua Road Station on Line 7 opens.
• November 1, 2014 - Daduhe Road Station on Line 13 opens.
• December 28, 2014 - Extensions to Line 13 (Jinshajiang Road - Changshou Road) and Line 16 (Luoshan Road - Longyang Road) open
• December 19, 2015 - Extensions to Line 11 (Luoshan Road - Kangxin Highway), Line 12 (Qufu Road - Qixin Road), Line 13 (Changshou Road - Shibo Avenue) open.
• April 26, 2016 - Disney Resort Station on Line 11 opens.
• December 30, 2017 - Line 17 opens along with eastern extension of Line 9.

Maps Shanghai Metro

Lines

There are currently 15 lines in operation, with Lines and services are denoted numerically as well as by characteristic colors, which are used as a visual aid for better distinction on station signage and on the exterior of trains, in the form of a colored block or belt.

Unlike in other systems such as the New York City Subway, most tracks in the Shanghai Metro system are served by a single service; thus "Line X" usually refers both to the physical line and its service. The only exception is the segment shared by Lines 3 and 4, between Hongqiao Road Station and Baoshan Road Station, where both services use the same tracks and platforms.

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Services

Partial service patterns

Partial service patterns exist on Lines 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12 and 17. Partial services serve only a (usually busier) sub-segment of the entire physical line. In addition, Line 2 has a piecewise service pattern whereby the suburban segment between Guanglan Road Station and Pudong International Airport Station is served by a 4-car fleet separately. Passengers traveling across Guanglan Road on Line 2 must change trains across the platform at Guanglan Road. During peak hours, 8-car fleet may terminate at Tangzhen, one station east of Guanglan Road, and the passengers can transfer in Tangzhen, so that Guanglan Road may not have very heavy pressure in peak hours.

Line 11, one of the two branch lines of the metro system, operates a different partial service pattern. Trains travelling to and from the branch line terminate at Huaqiao Station and Sanlin respectively. Hence, a passenger who wants to travel from the terminus of the branch to the eastern terminus of the line, at Disney Resort must change trains.

Line 17, which opened in December 2017, operates a partial service pattern from Hongqiao Railway Station to Dianshanhu Avenue during rush hours in addition to the full service to Oriental Land.

Line 16

Line 16, unlike the rest of the system, is built with passing loops and operates a rush-hour express services. The service was postponed in January 30, 2014, due to lack of available trains, but resumed on March 21, 2016.

Announcements

All trains in the Shanghai Metro display destinations in Simplified Chinese and English, and make announcements in Standard Mandarin, English, and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese in order to indicate next stations, directions, and partial/full-length service patterns.

Operating hours

The operating hours for most Shanghai metro stations starts between 5:00 to 6:00 in the morning and ends between 22:30 to 23:00 CST. In February 2017 (Shanghai Metro) announced that by April 1, 2017, the operating hours of Line 1, 2, and 7 to 10 will be extended by an hour after the regular last train on each Friday, Saturday and last working days before Chinese Public Holidays. This will be extended to Lines 3, 4, 6, and 11 to 13 by July 1, 2017. By the end of 2018, all the stations in the city center will extend their operating hours after midnight. Also, there will be two trains taking passengers from Hongqiao Railway Station after normal operation time and only stop at several stations, which always happens on the last day of a vacation, e.g. Labor Day, National Day, etc.

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Stations

Transfer stations

There are two types of transfer stations: physical transfer stations and transit-card only ones. In a physical transfer station, passengers can transfer between subway lines without exiting a fare zone. In a transit-card only transfer station, however, passengers have to exit and re-enter fare zones as they transfer from one subway line to another. In order to receive a discounted fare, passengers must use a Shanghai public transport card (SPTC) instead of Single-Ride tickets.

• Baoshan Road, Shanghai Railway Station, Zhongtan Road, Zhenping Road, Caoyang Road, Jinshajiang Road, Zhongshan Park, West Yan'an Road and Hongqiao Road are interchanges between Lines 3 and 4. This is where the two lines share tracks between Baoshan Road and Hongqiao Road.
• Lines 4 and 6 stop at two different stations both known as Pudian Road, but these two stations are not located together and interchanging is not possible.
• Longyang Road and Pudong International Airport stations also provide transfers to the Shanghai Maglev Train, though passengers have to make another payment if they board the Maglev train.

Transit-card only transfer stations

A transit-card only transfer station is a station where two lines meet, but unlike a physical interchange, there is no direct pathway between them within the paid fare area. Passengers wishing to interchange must exit the paid fare area for the first line, walk a short distance on the street, and re-enter the paid fare area for the second line. Since June 1, 2008, passengers interchanging using a Shanghai public transport card have their trip regarded as one journey and the distance will be accumulated for fare calculation. Passengers must exit a station and re-enter another within 30 minutes using the same Shanghai public transport card. Those using single-ride tickets cannot use virtual transfers and must purchase a new ticket.

In some cases virtual interchanges in place during a period of construction were superseded by physical interchanges at the completion of the construction. For example, Hongkou Football Stadium Station was previously a virtual interchange between Line 3 and Line 8. Another previously virtual interchange was South Shaanxi Road Station between Line 1 and Line 10; after the opening of an extension of line 12 to the station in December 2015 transfers among all three lines became a physical interchange.

The current virtual interchanges are:

• Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 Station is a virtual interchange station between Line 2 and Line 10.However, Line 2 trains bound for Pudong International Airport and Line 10 trains bound for Xinjiangwancheng share an island platform. The middle island platform of the station opened in January 2018, so that passengers may transfer from downtown Line 2 and Line 10 trains by walking through the middle island platform.
• Longhua Station is a virtual interchange station among Line 11 and Line 12.
• Shanghai Railway Station is a virtual interchange station between Line 1 and Line 3 / Line 4, but Line 3 and Line 4 share the same platforms and the transfer between Lines 3 and 4 can be made by simply waiting for the next train to arrive at the platform.
• West Nanjing Road Station is a virtual interchange station among Line 2, Line 12 and Line 13.

Transport hubs

The busiest station in Shanghai Metro system is People's Square station (Lines 1, 2 and 8). As the interchange station for three lines, it is extremely crowded during peak hours. It remains busy during the rest of the day as it is located near major shopping and tourist destinations such as East Nanjing Road, a pedestrian street, as well as the Shanghai Museum, People's Park, the Shanghai Grand Theatre and Yan'an Park on People's Square. It has the second largest number of exits (totalling 17) in the stations of the metro system.

Xujiahui (Lines 1, 9 and 11) is located in the major Xujiahui commercial center of Shanghai. Six large shopping malls and eight large office towers are each within a three-minute walk of one of the station's exits, numbering a total of 18 since the addition of the four in the Line 9 part of the station that opened in December 2009. This is the largest number of exits of all the stations on the system. This station is also widely used as a pedestrian tunnel across the wide roads.

Lujiazui (Line 2) is the major station in Pudong area. It is situated in the heart of Lujiazui financial district, the financial center of Shanghai. The city's iconic landmarks, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai Tower and Shanghai World Financial Centre are all within walking distance of the station. In contrast to Xujiahui and People's Square, Lujiazui is not particularly busy during off-peak hours or on weekends as it is located in financial district of Shanghai. Line 14, expected to open in 2020, will pass Lujiazui and provide transfer as well.

Shanghai Railway Station (Lines 1, 3 and 4) is a major transportation hub in Shanghai, containing the railway station, two subway lines and the stop for many city bus lines as well as interprovincial buses. These bus lines will soon be housed in a brand-new bus station. The line 1 platform is in the South square while platforms for line 3/4 are in the North square. These two platforms are technically separate stations, so interchange is only possible between lines 3/4. A transfer to the line 1 platform requires a SPTC or a new ticket.

Shanghai South Railway Station (Lines 1 and 3) is a transport station for line 1 and line 3; and the maintenance base of line 1 is also located at Shanghai South Railway Station.

Zhongshan Park Station (Lines 2, 3 and 4) is a heavily trafficked station due to the large shopping malls and hotel immediately above it.

Century Avenue Station (Lines 2, 4, 6 and 9) is the largest interchange station in the Shanghai Metro system.

Pudong International Airport (Line 2) is the eastern terminus of Line 2. It serves the airport of the same name in Shanghai. The station also provides a transfer with the Shanghai Maglev Train to Longyang Road.

Hongqiao Railway Station (Line 2, 10 and 17 ), Hongqiao Airport Terminal 1 and Hongqiao Airport Terminal 2 are metro stations located in the Hongqiao Comprehensive Transportation Hub, composed of the Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station. Both Hongqiao Airport stations are directly linked with the airport, offering many domestic and limited international flights, and the Hongqiao Railway metro station is directly linked with the train station. The airport and railway stations themselves offer a zero-distance transfer.

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Ticket system

Like many other metro systems in the world (Shanghai Metro) uses a distance-based fare system.The system uses a "one-ticket network", which means that interchanging is possible between all interchange stations, given that the transfer staying within the Shanghai Metro system, without the purchase of another ticket where available. The Shanghai Public Transport Card, which allows access to most public transport in Shanghai under one card, is another form of payment.

Fares

• For most lines, the base fare is 3 yuan for journeys under 6 km, then 1 yuan for each additional 10 km. As of December 2017, the highest fare is 15 yuan (from Oriental Land to Dishui Lake).
• For journeys exclusively on Line 5 (Xinzhuang - Minhang Development Zone), the fare is 2 yuan for journeys under 6 km and all other journeys are 3 yuan (though the total length of this line is a bit longer than 16 km).
• Users of the Shanghai public transport card get a 10% discount for the rest of the calendar month after paying 70 yuan in taking metro. The discount is applied only for journeys after the payment; it is not retroactively applied to previous journeys.
• Users of the Shanghai public transport card as part of the "Air-conditioned Bus Transfer Discount" get a 1 yuan discount when transferring to the metro within 90 minutes. (The 10% monthly discount may be applied after the transfer discount) This discount also applies for bus to Metro and bus to bus transfers and can accumulate over multiple transfers. For example, to get from Zhenbei Rd/Meichuan Rd to Xiuyan Rd/Hunan Rd would normally cost 8 yuan each way (947 bus to line 4 to 451 bus) but only costs 6 RMB with the card (947 bus discounted transfer to line 4, discounted transfer to 451 bus). Depending on the time spent at the destination the discount will be applied at the start of the return trip as well, making the cost of a round-trip 11 yuan instead of the 16 yuan that would normally be charged without the card.

Single Journey ticket

Single-Journey tickets can be purchased from ticket vending machines, and at some stations, at a ticket window. Single-ride tickets are embedded with RFID contactless chips. When entering the system riders tap the ticket against a scanner above the turnstile, and on exit they insert the ticket into a slot where it is stored and recycled.

Shanghai Public Transportation Card

In addition to a Single-Ride ticket, the fare can be paid using a Shanghai public transport card, which is similar to the Octopus card of Hong Kong's MTR. This RFID-embedded card can be purchased at selected banks, convenience stores and metro stations with a 20-yuan deposit. This card can be loaded at ticket booths, Service Centers at the metro stations as well as many small convenience stores and banks throughout the city. The Shanghai Public Transportation Card can also be used to pay for other forms of transportation, such as taxi or bus.

One-day pass

A one-day pass was introduced for the Expo 2010 held in Shanghai. The fare for the calendar day was set at 18 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.

Three-day pass

A three-day pass is available for Shanghai Metro. The fare for three days was set at 45 yuan, for unlimited travel within the metro system. This pass is not available through vending machines, but has to be purchased at Service Centers at metro stations.

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Infrastructure

Gauge

Standard gauge is used throughout the network, allowing new train equipment to be transported over the Chinese rail network which uses the same gauge.

Stations

Almost all stations, except most of the elevated sections and sections of Line 2 from Songhong Road to Longyang Road, have platform screen doors with sliding acrylic glass at the platform edge. The train stops with its doors lined-up with the sliding doors on the platform edge and open when the train doors open, and are closed at other times. These screens are also being retrofitted on existing lines, starting with Line 1 whose core stations had doors by the end of 2006. On part of Line 2 and most of the elevated sections, the platform has sliding safety doors that reach only halfway up from the ground called Automatic platform gates.

Rolling stock

Train sets used by the Metro system:

• 134 Bombardier Movia 456 six car sets (AC04, AC09, AC10 and AC09b) - Lines 9, 7 and 12
• 53 German Shanghai Metro Group (GSMG) six cars units (Coded as AC01 for Line 1, AC02 for Line 2 for those using Alternating Current since they were made or DC01 for those formerly using Direct Current (for Line 1) - Line 1 and 2 (all reformed to eight car units)
• 53 Alstom Metropolis eight car sets (Coded as AC06) - Line 1, (Coded as AC08) - Line 2
• 16 Alstom Metropolis four car sets (AC17b) - Section of Line 2
• 17 Alstom Metropolis four car sets (AC11) - Line 5
• 21 Alstom Metropolis four car sets (AC12) - Line 6
• 28 Alstom Metropolis six car or seven car sets (AC07) - Line 8
• 29 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. four car sets (AC14) - Line 6
• 38 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. seven car sets (AC15) - Line 8
• 28 Alstom Metropolis six car sets (AC03) - Line 3
• 94 Siemens & CSR Zhuzhou six car sets (AC05) - Line 4 and 11
• 41 Shanghai Electric-Alstom/Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Co., Ltd. six car sets - Line 10
• 33 Nanjing Puzhen Rolling Stock Works six car sets - Line 13
• 46 Siemens & CSR Zhuzhou three car sets - Two sets are coupled to form a six car train - Line 16
• 26 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. six car sets (03A02 and 04A02) - Lines 3 and 4
• CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. six car sets (09A04) - Line 9
• 16 CNR Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd. six car sets (11A02, 11A03) - Line 11

Most lines currently use 6 car sets, with the exceptions being:

• Lines 5, 6, and a section of Line 2 which use 4 car sets.
• Some trains on Line 8 use 7 car sets.
• Line 1 and Line 2 use 8 car sets.

Signalling

Shanghai Metro lines 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 are equipped with CBTC systems capable of headways as low as 90 seconds.

Power supply

In contrast to many other metro systems in the world, the Shanghai Metro uses overhead wires for the power supply, except for Lines 16 and 17 which uses third rail.

On Line 2, Siemens Transportation Systems equipped the line with an overhead contact line (cantilever material: galvanized steel) and 7 DC traction power supply substations.

Passenger information systems

Plasma screens on the platforms show passengers when the next two trains are coming, along with advertisements and public service announcements. The subway cars contain LCD screens showing advertisements and on some lines, the next stop, while above-ground trains have LED screens showing the next stop. The LED screens are being phased in on Line 1 and are also included in lines 7 and 9, two underground lines. There are recorded messages stating the next stop in Mandarin, English, and (on line 16 only) Shanghainese, but the messages stating nearby attractions or shops for a given station (a form of paid advertising) are in Mandarin only. The metro operating company is resistant to expanding use of Shanghainese for announcing stops, on the basis that, on most lines, the majority of passengers can understand either Mandarin or English.

Station signs are in Chinese and English. The Metro authority is testing a new systematic numbering system for stations on Line 10.

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Future expansion

The Shanghai Metro system is one of the fastest growing metro systems in the world. As of 2017, Shanghai has more than 200 km of subway under construction. By the end of 2020, the network will comprise 18 lines spanning 804 kilometres (500 mi). In addition, there are long-term plans to connect the Shanghai Metro with the Suzhou Rail Transit in neighbouring Jiangsu province.

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Incidents

• December 22, 2009--at about 5:50 am, an electrical fault in the tunnel between South Shaanxi Road Station and People's Square Station caused a few trains to stall. While the track was under repair, a low-speed collision occurred between two trains on Line 1, trapping scores of passengers underground for up to two hours and affecting millions of early commuters. Nobody was injured, but the front of the train was badly damaged. Service resumed at around 12:15 pm.
• July 5, 2010--at the Zhongshan Park Station a woman died after trying to crowd into a subway train as the doors were closing. With her wrist trapped in the train doors, she was dragged between the train and the platform screen doors when the train started moving.
• September 27, 2011--at 2:51 pm, two trains on Line 10 collided between Yuyuan Garden Station and Laoximen Station, injuring 284 - 300 people. Initial investigations found that train operators violated regulations while operating the trains manually after a loss of power on the line caused its signal system to fail. No deaths were reported.

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See also

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Notes

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References

External links

• Official website
• Shanghai Metro Club
• Shanghai Subway Information on UrbanRail
• Shanghai Metro Map - real distances

Source of the article : Wikipedia